The Ajurrumiyyah

08

Signs of the lowered

علامات الخفض

Lowered has three signs: kasra, ya, and fatha.

Kasra is the default: الكتابِ. Ya is the dual, the sound masculine plural, and the five nouns: أبِيكَ، مسلمِينَ. Fatha is the diptote (the noun that refuses tanwin): إبراهيمَ — you do not say Ibrahimin.

  1. من إلى في

    From, to, in

    After these, look for kasra or its stand-in.

  2. إضافة

    Idafa

    A pair: عبدُ اللهِ. The second is lowered even with no particle in between.

Quran

1:2

الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ — li is a lowering particle. Allahi ends in kasra. That is khafd. Hamdu stays raised. Two chairs, one phrase.

Idafa is how Arabic says ‘the slave of Allah’ without of. The second noun is always lowered.